CLOUD COMPUTING SEM 3

  Hello students, In this last blog of Unit 3, we look at Data Intensive Computing. Data intensive computing are types of computing problems where data is very huge in numbers and size from few mega bytes to tera bytes to peta bytes to zeta bytes to exa bytes. Such data sizes are called to be Big Data.  There has been data explosion in last many years ever since technology has become mature and advanced.  Relational model based databases made up of tables, records, keys and relationship are not able to  manage Big Data due to huge amount of exponentially growing data and due to its strict structured format and ACID restrictions. NoSQL databases was the answer to Big Data, to all data that was huge in numbers, were unstructured or semi structured.  Big data could be split horizontally as well as vertically into managed datasets, which could be stored in repositories as required.  One could query the datasets to know its content using meta data attributes ...

Dear students, In our last blog, we came across concurrent computing, where the focus was how a single program can be computed faster by decomposing either based on data sets (Domain Decomposition) or based on functionality (Function Decomposition). Once the decomposition is planned properly in the program, it can be assigned to multiple cores or multiple threads. Concurrent computing is a form of parallelism on the same machine. When we talk about task computing, we are looking at executing not single program, but multiple programs. Each program can be considered as a task with lot of data or consisting of many work units. These tasks can be executed using multiple machines. Task Computing is a form of parallelism on multiple machines. It is a network of machines, where one machine (called local node) becomes responsible to submit the task, then one machine schedules it , checks status on all submitted tasks (access nodes) , one machine provides any resources such as files, data...

Hello students, In this blog, we focus on concurrent computing. The word 'concurrent' means at the same time. In computing world, when we execute two programs at the same time, we can say it is concurrent. Concurrency can be achieved by executing two programs on two different processors or if the processor has multiple cores, then concurrency can be achieved by executing two programs on different cores or if we can also run two programs on two different computers at the same time. Throughput Computation When we have a high level of computation to be done in a single program itself to achieve at a result, then parallel computation techniques are used to break down the entire program into independent work units (computational unit) and execute them concurrently. Such computation problems are throughput computing problem. Examples of throughout computation could be scientific modelling, video encoding, gaming, machine learning, deep learning and much more. Multitask...

Hello students, If you are ever asked a question in exam about “Cloud Platform” (not PaaS), remember three cloud platform providers namely AWS, GCP, Azure In this blog we look at the cloud computing features provided by three cloud providers namely Amazon Web Services (AWS) Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Microsoft Azure Cloud Amazon Web Services We look specifically at 13 services provided Amazon Web Services cloud provider 1. Management Console – user interface for customers to use AWS services over the internet 2. Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) – virtual machine provisioning 3. Internet Users – User access is secured via public key infrastructure and Identity Access Management services 4. Amazon Machine Image (AMI) – linux, windows images are readily available to use and go, with many other complex machine image via AMI services 5. Static Network Addresses – Elastic , public and static IP addresses is available readily for use over the internet 6. Servers – any number o...

Hello students, In this blog, we delve on Multitenant software. As we have known through our Virtualization assignment, Multitenancy is all about taking one physical thing shared with multiple customer.  Cloud implements Multitenancy at all levels, from hardware to software, from infrastructure to platform to software. Virtualization is an example of using one physical machine and creating multiple virtual machines from it.  One processor have multiple cores that can be shared with multiple tasks from different customers.  A network device with multiple ports can be divided into different virtual networks utilized by different customers.  Multitenancy is about supporting multiple entities and hence Multitenancy is all about  Multiple Entity Support. Multitenancy in achieved in SaaS using three techniques Single Schema Model Meta-Data Customization  Multiple Schema Model Single Schema Model A Schema refers to the design. In databases it re...

Dear students, We start our Unit 3 with one of cloud technologies Web 2.0 When internet was born, lot of applications that were created could be termed as Web 1.0. Then Web 2.0 technology enhanced the Web technologies. Web 2.0 covered four different technologies namely SOAP services REST services AJAX services MASHUP services We covered the entire Semester 2 learning about SOAP services and REST services SOAP Services SOAP services utilized SOAP protocol 1.0, 1.1, 1.2. It initially operated using HTTP, was inter-operable between any type of systems, languages, applications. SOAP made application integration easier and was loosely coupled. SOAP utilized XML data structure for any type of communication over HTTP application protocol. SOAP now works on protocol other than HTTP too and is suitable for complex applications. REST services REST services later was introduced to be much simpler that worked in distributed system with simple URI links and plain HTTP CRUD methods (GET...

Dear students, In this blog that wraps Unit 2, we cover Hybrid clouds and Community Cloud Hybrid Cloud Hybrid cloud as we know is mixing cloud on public with cloud in private organization. Example. Bank of America may have its own private data center cloud that is connected via networks with public data center cloud of Amazon Web Services. Some applications run within Bank of America premises, then some applications run within Amazon Web Services. Hybrid cloud approach mixes the benefits and concerns of public cloud and private cloud. Technologies like OpenNebula+Haziea, Intergrid, Elastra CloudServer, Zimory Pools are used to manage hybrid clouds. Community Cloud   Community cloud is created by the community for the community. Example a community of all hospitals in India may share, connect through each other's cloud. Community cloud is a mix of one or more clouds dedicated for a particular purpose. The purpose can be government, health, medicine, education, media etc. There is...

Hello students, In this blog we dig deeper into Public and Private Cloud.  Every cloud has the same IaaS, PaaS, SaaS services but the difference in cloud types is who actually provides the cloud. Whoever provides the cloud also has the data. As we know Public Cloud is provided by a third party company outside the organization to everyone on this earth. Private Cloud is provided by the organization for the organization only. Characteristics/Advantages of Public Cloud The four characteristics of Public Cloud are 1. Low cost, flexible availability of resources, ease of implementation 2. Multitenancy 3. Quality of Service (QoS) 4. Different types of service offering Disadvantages of Public Cloud The disadvantages of Public Cloud are 1. Security concerns of private and government organizations to implement any software or store any data in public cloud, as the multitenant feature of public cloud provide everyone on earth to reside their software and data in the same cloud, even thou...

Hello students, Today our blog focuses deeper on Software as a Service.  As we know today, most softwares are provided as a one or more services together. We had seen an example of this in SOA assignment.  The software is accessible by people all over the world via internet. Every customer feels the software is delivered to him/her alone, even though its the same single software reaching out to all. This is software as a service. CRM and ERP are an example of software as a service. SaaS softwares reflect multitenancy model, meaning one-software-to-many-customer software delivery model. SaaS hides the implementation of complex infrastructure  and platform or any technicalities that makes the software services workable for all customers. Customer does not have to worry about software or hardware maintenance. One time patch is enough to solve an issue faced commonly by all customer. Separate patches are not required for different customer. Hence software maintainance is ea...

 Hello students, In this blog, we dig deeper into Platform as a Service. As we know, that PaaS tries to automate the process of creating platforms. We had one such example when we built the ubuntu+java+maven platform. Characteristics of PaaS Any PaaS framework will reflect four characteristics 1. Runtime Framework softwares representing the framework are already in place for customers to use 2. Abstraction The customer is hidden from the underlying installation or configuration or upgrades. He can simply start building applications using the available platform 3. Automation A particular SLA (Service Level Agreement) and QoS (Quality of Service) as agreed by the platform provider is automatically met. Example the SLA could be that platform will be available 6 9's .i.e 99.9999 % of the time. 4. Cloud Services A platform comes with competitive cloud service options such as to elastically scale, user management (giving permissions to various users to use the customers resources) and...

 Dear students, In this blog, we cover deeper into three layers are Infrastructure as a Service namely 1. Web based Management Software 2. Infrastructure Management Software 3. Physical Infrastructure Web based Management Software Web based Management software are websites that allow you to configure your infrastructure needs for machines, storage and networks. Example you can create a virtual machine by clicking on Elastic Compute Cloud service on aws.com Management Console screen.You usage, bills are reported via this web management software as well Infrastructure Management Software Infrastructure Management Software are applications that help you manage the infrastructure you created. The softwares are in place to monitor the usage of every resource that is used. Example How much processor time was utilized by the customer. The software have to constantly monitor, measure, provide, reserve for future use. One key task of these softwares are to maintain the Quality of Servic...

Hello students, In today's blog we look deeper at cloud reference model architecture that generally applies in any cloud environment Any Cloud architecture is based on a four layers of this reference model 1. System Infrastructure 2. Core Middleware 3. User-level Middleware 4. Cloud Applications Each layer is on top of the previous layer System Infrastructure System infrastructure is the most underlying layer in the architecture and it provides physical machines, network, storage needs such as network adapters, routers, SAN disks etc. Core Middleware Core Middleware sits on top of System Infrastructure layer. It provides virtual machines, network virtualization, storage virtualization, hypervisors etc. Both System Infrastructure and Core Middleware essentially provides a way to implement IaaS (Infrastructure as a service) In our assignment, this layer would ideally be Oracle Virtual box User Level Middleware User Level Middleware sits on top of core middleware and provides run-ti...

Hello students, In this blog, we focus deeper on the five core technologies that are used in cloud, which are 1. Distributed Systems 2. Virtualization 3. Web 2.0 4. Service Orientation 5. Utility Computing Distributed Systems These are systems based on distributed architecture. For example when you have a browser running in India,which accesses a web site hosted on a web server in Atlanta, we are looking at a distributed architecture We look into evolution of four types of Distributed Systems      a. MainFrame Computing (introduced in 1950)     A central main frame acts like a main computer which stores and processes your data. All other computer terminals connect to this main powerful computer.      b. Cluster Computing (introduced in 1980)     A group of systems working in closer vicinity to do one task. Example I may have a group of multiple database servers acting as one database to an outside application.    ...